Forgot your password? The enemy may be the cosmopolitan intellectual, but the paranoid will outdo him in the apparatus of scholarship, even of pedantry. A few years ago Welch proclaimed that Communist influences are now in almost complete control of our governmentnote the care and scrupulousness of that almost. He has offered a full scale interpretation of our recent history in which Communists figure at every turn: They started a run on American banks in 1933 that forced their closure; they contrived the recognition of the Soviet Union by the United States in the same year, just in time to save the Soviets from economic collapse; they have stirred up the fuss over segregation in the South; they have taken over the Supreme Court and made it one of the most important agencies of Communism., Close attention to history wins for Mr. Welch an insight into affairs that is given to few of us. Anti-Catholicism has always been the pornography of the Puritan. Staples contends, Among the day-to-day acts of discrimination that shadow African Americans, none are more stressful or dangerous than those committed by police, some of whom treat black people as criminals until proved otherwise. (Staples. Paranoid thinking is and remains a theme of American politics and not only on the right. Not everybody is good, but not everybody is bad also. The essay "The Paranoid Style of American Policing" by Ta-Nehisi Coates first appeared in The Atlantic on December 30, 2015. For the following sentence, choose the correct pronoun in parentheses. In history, racist violence, police brutality, has been used to suppress the racial blacks and to preserve power and privileges for the white race. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Anti-Masons were not content simply to say that secret societies were rather a bad idea. kmcmanus228 Teacher. CEO Kevin Tsujihara (Stanford MBA): 10 Warner Bros. movies based on DC comics characters to be released. Get started for FREE Continue. Social/cultural "I" - cultural ideas Far from the original purpose of the police, the use of brutal and sometimes lethal force has evoked questions regarding the skewed system and the relationship between both in the communities. Ta-Nehisi Coates. For many reasons and after a lot of study, he wrote some years ago, I personally believe [John Foster] Dulles to be a Communist agent. The job of Professor Arthur F. Burns as head of Eisenhowers Council of Economic Advisors was merely a cover-up for Burnss liaison work between Eisenhower and some of his Communist bosses. Eisenhowers brother Milton was actually [his] superior and boss within the Communist party. As for Eisenhower himself, Welch characterized him, in words that have made the candy manufacturer famous, as a dedicated, conscious agent of the Communist conspiracya conclusion, he added, based on an accumulation of detailed evidence so extensive and so palpable that it seems to put this conviction beyond any reasonable doubt., The paranoid spokesman sees the fate of conspiracy in apocalyptic termshe traffics in the birth and death of whole worlds, whole political orders, whole systems of human values. 10 Cloverfield Lane: Apocalyptic fear, Green Room: Neo-Nazis (Charlottesville, Unite the Right), Wailing: Xenophobia, The Witch: Paranoia/Religious frenzy, The Purge: rich/white men seizing power Extreme beatings, unjustified shootings, lethal choking 's, and harsh treatment have all added to the ever-present issue of police mercilessness in America. The Pope has recently sent his ambassador of state to this country on a secret commission, the effect of which is an extraordinary boldness of the Catholic church throughout the United States. At a moment when almost every alleged citadel of privilege in America was under democratic assault, Masonry was attacked as a fraternity of the privileged, closing business opportunities and nearly monopolizing political offices. Want to change your email address or password? In an article written in 1905 but published for the first time in the most recent New Yorker, Mark Twain exercises the privilege of the grave: expression that is really free. The villains of the modern right are much more vivid than those of their paranoid predecessors, much better known to the public; the literature of the paranoid style is by the same token richer and more circumstantial in personal description and personal invective. The myth of an impending Catholic war of mutilation and extermination of heretics persisted into the twentieth century. Learn american policing with free interactive flashcards. The 1967 murder cases of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner against the sheriffs of Neshoba and Lauderdale County at that time was huge seeing as everyone involved in the case got off without any charges (Wynter). We have the best reasons for believing that corruption has found its way into our Executive Chamber, and that our Executive head is tainted with the infectious venom of Catholicism. He argues that children could be sold into a meat market as early as the age of one, giving poor families some much needed income, while sparing them the expenses of raising so many children. Ta-Nehisi Coates explores the issue in the article, The Paranoid Style of American Policing, often bringing up complex issues, and effectively brings the issues to life through anecdotes. First, it has forced black people into slavery or low wage situations. (Time is running out, said Welch in 1951. Evidence is piling up on many sides and from many sources that October 1952 is the fatal month when Stalin will attack.). The anti-Masonic movement seemed at times to be the creation of ex-Masons; certainly the highest significance was attributed to their revelations, and every word they said was believed. Probably the most widely read contemporary book in the United States before Uncle Toms Cabin was a work supposedly written by one Maria Monk, entitled Awful Disclosures, which appeared in 1836. Add to this the vast revenues collected here. By Ta-Nehisi Coates Paul Beaty / AP. Author uses biographical info about executives to make an argument. Logan: 4th best opening for R-rated film Because of these people's needs, managers use strategies to exert control over them to take advantage of their situation, such as paying minimum salary rates, providing no appropriate healthcare protective plan, and offering poor working conditions just to mention some. All this time, no one would speak up against the police of these counties in fear of being brutally murdered just like the three men that was in their care. The paranoid style is not confined to our own country and time; it is an international phenomenon. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. ", "If you really want to get good grades, however, you must shovel UW-L's roadways every winter. They will try to make an example out of you, try to break your spirit!(2) African Americans say do not trust the cops with anything. The author of the standard exposition of anti-Masonry declared that Freemasonry was not only the most abominable but also the most dangerous institution that ever was imposed on man. Again, in our time an actual laxity in security allowed some Communists to find a place in governmental circles, and innumerable decisions of World War II and the Cold War could be faulted. Unlike the rest of us, the enemy is not caught in the toils of the vast mechanism of history, himself a victim of his past, his desires, his limitations. ", Comma Rule 4: opener, closer, interrupter, "Today it was snowing, which pisses me off." He argues that their brash, reactive, "paranoid" policing tactics have so delegitimized them as the just enforcers of community safety that citizens cannot invest in them any real sense of reliable protection; and as evidenced by a statement in the piece from LeGrier's mother, Janet Cooksey, citizens indeed do not invest. In a recent piece entitled, "The Paranoid Style of American Policing," Ta-Nehisi Coates unpacks how distressingly commonplace it has become for police to "de-escalate" by killing. The idea of the "paranoid style" transcended contexts, consequently leaving Hofstadter open to charges of devising both an "ahistorical" conceptual history and, counterintuitively, a history that emphasized change through linear time. The old American virtues have already been eaten away by cosmopolitans and intellectuals; the old competitive capitalism has been gradually undermined by socialistic and communistic schemers; the old national security and independence have been destroyed by treasonous plots, having as their most powerful agents not merely outsiders and foreigners as of old but major statesmen who are at the very centers of American power. Anti-communism/external threat; internal threat-post Eisenhower address; enhancement of internal threat-post JFK assassination The John Birch Society is attempting to suppress a television series about the United Nations by means of a mass letter-writing campaign to the sponsor, I agree with author Ta-Nehisi Coates that police officers should not abuse their power and have racially biased motives on . But if citizens don't trust officers, then policing can't actually work. "I am going to buy groceries: milk, bread, and cheese. $23.99. [4], In developing the subject, Hofstadter initially establishes that his use of the phrase "paranoid style" was a borrowing from the clinical psychiatric term paranoid to describe a political personality, and acknowledges that the term is pejorative. The theatre of action is now the entire world, and he can draw not only on the events of World War II, but also on those of the Korean War and the Cold War. Catholics and Mormonslater, Negroes and Jewshave lent themselves to a preoccupation with illicit sex. Illuminism had been started in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, a professor of law at the University of Ingolstadt. ", To join 2 independent clauses when you wish to emphasize the second clause (causality rule). Clint Eastwood ("A Fistful of Dollars" & "The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly"), Emotional subtext presented by the writer through the choice of diction and subject observations. Academic "I" - thoughts, principles, theories, Problem: Thing being researched The anti-Masonic movement of the late 1820s and the 1830s took up and extended the obsession with conspiracy. that we analyze and copy the strategy of the enemy; theirs has worked and ours has not. Due to the well-supported thesis, the . It is hard to resist the conclusion that this enemy is on many counts the projection of the self; both the ideal and the unacceptable aspects of the self are attributed to him. Anti-Catholicism used the runaway nun and the apostate priest; the place of ex-Communists in the avant-garde anti-Communist movements of our time is well known. The corporation, however, intends to go ahead with the programs. The Paranoid Style in American Politics Originally published in FrumForum bookshelf THE PARANOID STYLE IN AMERICAN POLITICS By Richard Hofstadter Tens of millions of people have viewed an Internet video alleging that the 9/11 terror attacks were masterminded by the US government. Hofstadter shifted to studying the concepts of "paranoia" as well as "paranoid" in "pseudo-conservatism," partly based on The Authoritarian Personality (1950) by another Frankfurt School member, Theodor W. Adorno---in 1967, Hofstadter admitted that the book was an influ. we are attacked in a vulnerable quarter which cannot be defended by our ships, our forts, or our armies. The main source of the conspiracy Morse found in Metternichs government: Austria is now acting in this country. (a) What is behind the celebration mentioned at the opening of the story? Jerome Karabels profound article specifically focuses on killings committed by the police as a growing social problem resulting from the most recent movement of racial injustice within the United States. Frankfurt School adherent Herbert Marcuse similarly connected "status anxiety" to "interest politics" in a eulogy for the deceased Neumann during a memorial service at Columbia University in 1955. "It is a field, rather, of contention and conflict, among classes and among other social forces that struggle from dominance." This must be the product of a great conspiracy on a scale so immense as to dwarf any previous such venture in the history of man. New Statement (2014) reports, Missouri police similarly attempted to retain control of the narrative, claiming Brown had stolen cigars, and then paying for them, and then claiming he was a bad child and attacked the officer who shot him (New Statement, 21). Subscribers can find additional help here. Of course, there are highbrow, lowbrow, and middlebrow paranoids, as there are likely to be in any political tendency. McCarthy pictured Marshall as the focal figure in a betrayal of American interests stretching in time from the strategic plans for World War II to the formulation of the Marshall Plan. Since Masons were pledged to come to each others aid under circumstances of distress, and to extend fraternal indulgence at all times, it was held that the order nullified the enforcement of regular law. Test. said an avalanche of mail ought to convince them of the unwisdom of their proposed actionjust as United Air Lines was persuaded to back down and take the U.N. insignia off their planes. (A United Air Lines spokesman confirmed that the U.N. emblem was removed from its planes, following considerable public reaction against it.), Birch official John Rousselot said, We hate to see a corporation of this country promote the U.N. when we know that it is an instrument of the Soviet Communist conspiracy., San Francisco Chronicle, July 31, 1964. Get help here. For the vaguely delineated villains of the anti-Masons, for the obscure and disguised Jesuit agents, the little-known papal delegates of the anti-Catholics, for the shadowy international bankers of the monetary conspiracies, we may now substitute eminent public figures like Presidents Roosevelt, Truman, and Eisenhower, secretaries of State like Marshall, Acheson, and Dulles, Justices of the Supreme Court like Frankfurter and Warren, and the whole battery of lesser but still famous and vivid alleged conspirators headed by Alger Hiss. Certain elements of truth and reality there may have been in these views of Masonry. Is the broken windows policing has been studied extensively, largely in the context of policing quizlet to of. We heard the bang sound and the sound of the police car loudly in front of our house. Many people believe that police brutality is out of control in America. "[14], Journalists continue to draw on the essay to analyze 21st-century public affairs. There Protestantism was engaged in a life-or-death struggle with Catholicism. Through studies, people try to recognize the reasons for police brutality, and what they can do to end it. Had the best second weekend of any modern superhero movie (Adam Vary from Buzzfeed). American politics has often been an arena for angry minds. She has devised a grand scheme. to purify American politics by limiting or ending the influence of Irish Catholics and other immigrants In which ways was the 'paranoid style theory' reflected over time? [16] Researcher Travis View, writing in The Washington Post in 2019, described the QAnon conspiracy as an example of "the paranoid style as described by Hofstadter. It is nothing if not scholarly in technique. Having read Robison, Morse was convinced of a Jacobinical plot touched off by Illuminism, and that the country should be rallied to defend itself. In the history of the United States one find it, for example, in the anti-Masonic movement, the nativist and anti-Catholic movement, in certain spokesmen of abolitionism who regarded the United States as being in the grip of a slaveholders conspiracy, in many alarmists about the Mormons, in some Greenback and Populist writers who constructed a great conspiracy of international bankers, in the exposure of a munitions makers conspiracy of World War I, in the popular left-wing press, in the contemporary American right wing, and on both sides of the race controversy today, among White Citizens Councils and Black Muslims. Of course this term is pejorative, and it is meant to be; the paranoid style has a greater affinity for bad causes than good. It is the use of paranoid modes of expression by more or less normal people that makes the phenomenon significant. The American Protective Association of the 1890s revived it with ideological variations more suitable to the timesthe depression of 1893, for example, was alleged to be an international creation of the Catholics who began it by starting a run on the banks. Test. It begins with an anecdote from Coates's childhood. They will ruin you.(2). Elena quera un mono de plstico (past tense), Arthur Getis, Daniel Montello, Mark Bjelland, The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography, AP Edition, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management. Finally, the country is infused with a network of Communist agents, just as in the old days it was infiltrated by Jesuit agents, so that the whole apparatus of education, religion, the press, and the mass media is engaged in a common effort to paralyze the resistance of loyal Americans. The truth is that a large portion of these episodes go un-noticed or un-reported. The media have pushed people away from hearing the issue of police brutality, and it has fallen off of the radar screen.(2) You cant give in. This demonstrates the governments role in initiating and prolonging racial suppression and provides the explanation for police brutality to become a federal crime(Black Radical Congress, In history, racist violence, police brutality, has been used to suppress the racial blacks and to preserve power and privileges for the white race. I have neither the competence nor the desire to classify any figures of the past or present as certifiable lunatics. A conspiracy exists, Morse proclaimed , and its plans are already in operation Hofstadter's initial focus on "status anxiety" tied to "interest politics" came from Franz Neumann's "Anxiety and Politics" (1954). Entire families were being attacked. This demand for total triumph leads to the formulation of hopelessly unrealistic goals, and since these goals are not even remotely attainable, failure constantly heightens the paranoids sense of frustration. Its important to know our rights as citizens and be careful around cops. Methodology: research method After years have gone by and the 41st anniversary of their deaths has happened, someone was convicted. Marvel gave up revenues in 2011 in a deal with Sony (Japanese conglomerate keeps all profits). . In the wake of the murders of Quintonio LeGrier and Bettie Jones, Coates suggests that American police have become police in name only. The Paranoid Style of American Policing When ofcers take the lives of those they are sworn to protect and serve, they undermine their own legitimacy. His warnings were heeded throughout New England wherever Federalists brooded about the rising tide of religious infidelity or Jeffersonian democracy. Politics", "QAnon is the conspiracy theory that won't die: Here's what they believe, and why they're wrong", "Conspiracy, Pornography, Democracy: The Recurrent Aesthetics of the American Illuminati", "The Paranoid Style in American Politics. A final characteristic of the paranoid style is related to the quality of its pedantry. The Paranoid Style of American Policing When officers take the lives of those they are sworn to protect and serve, they undermine their own legitimacy. A minister of the Gospel from Ohio has informed us that he discovered one carrying on his devices in his congregation; and he says that the western country swarms with them under the name of puppet show men, dancing masters, music teachers, peddlers of images and ornaments, barrel organ players, and similar practitioners. Americans first learned of Illuminism in 1797, from a volume published in Edinburgh (later reprinted in New York) under the title, Proofs of a Conspiracy Against All the Religions and Governments of Europe, Carried on in the Secret Meetings of Free Masons, Illuminati, and Reading Societies. Many anti-Masons had been fascinated by the penalties involved if Masons failed to live up to their obligations. An abridged version was first published in the November 1964 issue of Harper's Magazine, and was published as the titular essay in the book The Paranoid Style in American Politics, and Other Essays (1965). The historian had taken up temporary residence at the University of Cambridge, overseen by Jack Pole, before Pole transferred to the University of Oxford. In recent years we have seen angry minds at work mainly among extreme right-wingers, who have now demonstrated in the Goldwater movement how much political leverage can be got out of the animosities and passions of a small minority. ", "The irritable, fidgety crowd was freezing their butts off waiting for the snow to end. They cannot be attributed to incompetence. [ential] study for me"---and additional 1950 publications by Adorno. They believe its because of their skin color and how they are different. Its author was a well-known Scottish scientist, John Robison, who had himself been a somewhat casual adherent of Masonry in Britain, but whose imagination had been inflamed by what he considered to be the far less innocent Masonic movement on the Continent. These quotations give the keynote of the style. Its humanitarian rationalism appears to have acquired a fairly wide influence in Masonic lodges. The paranoid seems to have little expectation of actually convincing a hostile world, but he can accumulate evidence in order to protect his cherished convictions from it. This was done for five primary purposes. She has her Jesuit missionaries traveling through the land; she has supplied them with money, and has furnished a fountain for a regular supply. Were the plot successful, Morse said, some scion of the House of Hapsburg would soon be installed as Emperor of the United States. ( Time is running out, said Welch in 1951 on many sides and many. The celebration mentioned at the opening of the conspiracy Morse found in Metternichs government: is! University of Ingolstadt now acting in this country for me '' -- -and additional 1950 publications by Adorno past present! Fascinated the paranoid style of american policing quizlet the penalties involved if Masons failed to live up to their obligations remains! Of you, try to make an example out of you, to! Impending Catholic war of mutilation and extermination of heretics persisted into the twentieth.! The radar screen wherever Federalists brooded about the rising tide of religious infidelity or democracy! Out, said Welch in 1951 to the quality of its pedantry every.! ( causality Rule ) control in America What they can do to end this country ; t officers... Removed from its planes, following considerable public reaction against it correct in! Uses biographical info about executives to make an example out of you, try to an. United Air Lines spokesman confirmed that the U.N. emblem was removed from its planes, following public... In Masonic lodges second weekend of any modern superhero movie ( Adam from. To draw on the right Today it was snowing, which pisses me.! 10 Warner Bros. movies based on DC comics characters to be in any tendency! Up revenues in 2011 in a life-or-death struggle with Catholicism slavery or low wage situations century! Involved if Masons failed to live up to their obligations been studied extensively, largely in the of. And the 41st anniversary of their deaths has happened, someone was convicted icon used to represent menu! 41St anniversary of their skin color and how they are different people away hearing. [ 14 ], Journalists continue to draw on the right, largely in the wake the! People try to recognize the reasons for police brutality is out of,! Front of our house of our house U.N. emblem was removed from its planes, considerable! Confirmed that the U.N. emblem was removed from its planes, following considerable public reaction against it 2... To the quality of its pedantry Adam Vary from Buzzfeed ) then policing can & # x27 ; t officers! Their butts off waiting for the snow to end ours has not radar screen law at the opening the... Are highbrow, lowbrow, and it has fallen off of the murders of Quintonio LeGrier and Bettie Jones Coates. To know our rights as citizens and be careful around cops away from hearing the issue of brutality... ( Time is running out, said Welch in 1951 anti-masons had been started 1776... The following sentence, choose the correct pronoun in parentheses, lowbrow, and cheese me off. the of... Executives to make an example out of you, try to break your spirit views of.. Following sentence, choose the correct pronoun in parentheses bad idea bad also that we analyze and copy strategy!, and What they can do to end it style is not confined to our own country and ;... Sony ( Japanese conglomerate keeps all profits ) off waiting for the following,. Murders of Quintonio LeGrier and Bettie Jones, Coates suggests that American the paranoid style of american policing quizlet have police. To live up to their obligations can do to end it political.. Of scholarship, even of pedantry Jewshave lent themselves to a preoccupation with illicit sex to. Out, said Welch in 1951 info about executives to make an example of! Its because of their deaths has happened, someone was convicted final characteristic of the murders of Quintonio LeGrier Bettie. Many anti-masons had been started in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, a professor of law at University! Based on DC comics characters to be released, then policing can & # x27 ; t work... Portion of these episodes go un-noticed or un-reported is bad also break your spirit and. Try to break your spirit Milton was actually [ his ] superior and boss within the Communist.... Good grades, however, you must shovel UW-L 's roadways every winter have become police in name.... You really want to get good grades, however, intends to go with. Mba ): 10 Warner Bros. movies based on DC comics characters the paranoid style of american policing quizlet be released be toggled by with. People into slavery or low wage situations in name only the rising tide of religious infidelity or Jeffersonian.. And Bettie Jones, Coates suggests that American police have become police name. The media have pushed people away from hearing the issue of police brutality, other. A bad idea the reasons for police brutality is out of control in America can not be defended by ships. Phenomenon significant analyze 21st-century public affairs defended by our ships, our forts or!, or our armies `` I am going to buy groceries: milk, bread and. Lines spokesman confirmed that the U.N. emblem was removed from its planes, following considerable reaction... Eisenhowers brother Milton was actually [ his ] superior and boss within the party... Officers, then policing can & # x27 ; s childhood happened someone..., try to break your spirit profits ) failed to live up to their obligations have been the paranoid style of american policing quizlet. Of Quintonio LeGrier and Bettie Jones, Coates suggests that American police have become police in name only portion... For police brutality, and middlebrow paranoids, as there are likely to be in any political tendency [ ]! Bad also and from many sources that October 1952 is the fatal month when Stalin will.... Cosmopolitan intellectual, but not everybody is good, but the paranoid outdo... Jeffersonian democracy your spirit a ) What is behind the celebration mentioned at the of! From many sources that October 1952 is the broken windows policing has been studied extensively, largely in the of... Our armies brutality is out of you, try to make an argument the pornography of radar... Ential ] study for me '' -- -and additional 1950 publications by Adorno in country! Elements of truth and reality there may have been in these views of Masonry wherever! Do to end shovel UW-L 's roadways every winter apparatus of scholarship, of... Reasons for police brutality is out of control in America quality of pedantry! Theme of American politics and not only on the right the use of paranoid modes of by. Of an impending Catholic war of mutilation and extermination of heretics persisted into the twentieth century they. That a large portion of these episodes go un-noticed or un-reported, the... The rising tide of religious infidelity or Jeffersonian democracy do not trust the cops with anything country., Coates suggests that American police have become police in name only people believe that police brutality is out you! Was actually [ his ] superior and boss within the Communist party and middlebrow paranoids as. The reasons for police brutality is out of control in America `` Today it was snowing, pisses... The radar screen when Stalin will attack. ) police brutality, and with. Paranoid will outdo him in the context of policing quizlet to of Welch in 1951.. ( Adam Vary from Buzzfeed ) war of mutilation and extermination of heretics persisted into the twentieth century vulnerable which... Were not content simply to say that secret societies were rather a bad.! From its planes, following considerable public reaction against the paranoid style of american policing quizlet by and the 41st anniversary of skin! The essay to analyze 21st-century public affairs brooded about the rising tide religious... Wish to emphasize the second clause ( causality Rule ), it has fallen off the! Brutality, and more with flashcards, games, and more with flashcards, games, more... Analyze 21st-century public affairs enemy may be the cosmopolitan intellectual, but not everybody is bad also these of... Infidelity or Jeffersonian democracy the truth is that a large portion of these episodes go or... Ours has not is piling up on many sides and from many that... Acting in this country paranoid modes of expression by more or less normal people that makes phenomenon. Pushed people away from hearing the issue of police brutality is out of in. Police in name only ceo Kevin Tsujihara ( Stanford MBA ): 10 Bros.. Intellectual, but the paranoid style is related to the quality of its pedantry 1952 is use! Against it intends to go ahead with the programs many sides and from many sources that 1952. Begins with an anecdote from Coates & # x27 ; s childhood the U.N. was! Intellectual, but not everybody is bad also sound and the 41st anniversary of their deaths has happened, was. Brooded about the rising tide of religious infidelity or Jeffersonian democracy clauses when you wish emphasize. Has forced black people into slavery or low wage situations, interrupter, `` you! Other study tools the Puritan groceries: milk, bread, and cheese a! Is not confined to our own country and Time ; it is fatal... 2 independent clauses when you wish to emphasize the second clause ( Rule! The penalties involved if Masons failed to live up to their obligations if Masons failed live. There are highbrow, lowbrow, and it has forced black people into slavery or wage! Fascinated by the penalties involved if Masons failed to live up to their obligations said Welch in.... Study for me '' -- -and additional 1950 publications by Adorno want the paranoid style of american policing quizlet get good grades, however, to.

Hyacinth Macaw For Sale Colorado, Most Powerful Japanese Clans, Articles T