Cameron stayed there for seven years and was made physician-in-charge of the Reception Unit of the Provincial Mental Hospital. Though he does seem to imply that it was done by him or someone in the family. He died three years later. Cameron stated, "Get it understood how dangerous these damaged, sick personalities are to ourselves and above all, to our children, whose traits are taking form and we shall find ways to put an end to them." 22 As the Watergate scandal broke in 1973, MKUltra was officially ordered to be shut down by the CIA. In 1929 he moved to Canada where he worked in the Brandon Mental Hospital in Manitoba as the physician in charge. You can try, The 1963 "Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation" manual, "CIA's Secret Brainwashing Experiment" (1984), "Brainwashed: The Secret CIA Experiments in Canada" (2017), Jim Turner and Joseph Rauh's lawsuit debrief: "Anatomy Of A Public Interest Case Against The CIA,", Send us a direct message on Reddit. Alison said that when her mother returned, it was no longer her mother. Old '45" Cameron Major Cameron (1663 - 1718) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Alison believes those random phrases her mother would sometimes say were from the recordings that she'd been forced to listen to for hours. Duncan: This is at the Lake Placid Club in Lake Placid, New York. Both of her brothers were heavily into drugs by the age of 10 and dealt with serious mental illness throughout their lives. When then-CIA director Stansfield Turner testified about the program in 1977, he said (via the Smithsonian) that the bottom line was to develop "the use of biological and chemical materials in altering human behavior." He had patients. By that time, information on Cameron's sleep room projects was coming out, and there were all kinds of people who were very quick to distance themselves from it. Then we brought them down I think it was probably during one of my infrequent jaunts up there I brought them down in my car, and I then took them over and deposited them at the American Psychiatric Association. We were unable to subscribe you to WBUR Today. Jean spent three months under Cameron's care, and spent two periods in a drug-induced coma. "He was this miracle psychiatrist," she said. And you see this actual physical manual on how to break down the human mind. Ewen passed away on month day 1915, at age 84 at death place. Allan Cameron. That would have been the cultural environment in which people like Sidney Gottlieb grew up. In 1928, Cameron left Baltimore for the Burghlzli, the psychiatric hospital of the University of Zurich, in Switzerland, where he studied under Hans W. Maier, the successor of Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who had significantly influenced psychiatric thinking. [26] His "psychic driving" experiments consisted of putting a subject into a drug-induced coma for weeks at a time (up to three months in one case) while playing tape loops of noise or simple statements. Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, 17t. And when you get up to the top, its completely wooded, so theres no panoramic view after all the hard climbing. Amory: Duncan also has an easy, quiet smile. Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Scotland in 1901. Once it was down to an exact science the precise number of hours in a coma, the number and duration of electroshock treatments, the exact dosages of drugs he believed that curing mental illness could be as simple as admitting a patient, putting them through the program, and spitting out a brand new, problem-free person on the other side. Duncan: Oh yes, he enjoyed a good joke even if they were off color. The U.S. wanted to know just how such a thing could possibly happen, and Dr. Ewen Cameron had a theory: brainwashing. sister. Take a guess. Patients were tested in the Radio Telemetry Laboratory, which was built under Cameron's direction. He wanted to cure schizophrenia, and win a Nobel Prize for it. Indian River. That, says McGill University, was the work of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron, a psychiatrist who performed experiments so horrifying he's been called "Scotland's Mengele." The Canadian government also funded the project. Amory: He said he did not destroy documents, that he didn't know about that. Amory: Eventually though, it wasnt just Camerons successor who was calling him out. She had no idea how to boil water, much less care for a child. According to "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,"there was more to his work at the Allan Memorial Institute than just exploring the CIA's questions about brainwashing. The legacy can be seen in the torture techniques employed in Northern Ireland and in Guantanamo Bay. If he had a choice he would have kept living forever. And I think you have, as much as love that you had for him you also had respect for him. Some would bang their heads against the walls relentlessly, trying to get the helmets off and that's when he realized he could just put them back into a medically-induced coma and play the tapes for as long as he wanted. There are a few ways to reach us: This content was originally created for audio. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota, USA, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. Cameron began to explore how industrial conditions could satisfy the population through work and what kind of person or worker is best suited to industrial conditions. She was admitted to McGill's Allan Memorial Institute in 1957, needing help dealing with depression and the loss of her child. Ben: Perhapsthis is Dr. Cameron's most enduring legacy. Amory: In the Lake Placid community where Dr. Camerons family spent the bulk of their summers, his sudden death from a heart attack while hiking was big news. Were they *destroyed* or did you just take the patients name out? The personality types are as follows: Cameron believed that a society in which psychiatry built and developed the institutions of government, schools, prisons and hospitals would be one in which science triumphed over the "sick" members of society. Ben: Camerons research could never happen today at least not lawfully. His version was a continuous-loop cassette player that would deliver messages on repeat and it's even worse than it sounds. That was the case for people like Phyllis Goldberg. About 55 families of victims who underwent medical experimentation in the 1950s and 1960s are suing for millions of dollars. Amory: In the early 60s, MK-ULTRA director Sidney Gottlieb took the so-called treatments Cameron used on his patients at the Allan and brought them back to the CIA. In fact, he might have enjoyed those more. Now, a recent court decision has. [27] Such consequences included incontinence, amnesia, forgetting how to talk, forgetting their parents, and thinking their interrogators were their parents. Cameron further argued that "the weak" must not influence children. She was gonna go out there and do something. It's not clear how many patients Dr. Ewen Cameron's treatments destroyed, but some families have come forward with stories of what was done to their loved ones. He clearly had his mind set on doing unorthodox research long before the Agency front started to fund him. Stephen Kinzer: In the end, Gottlieb was forced to conclude that there's no such thing as mind control and that everything he had done had been for naught. Research genealogy for donald ewen Cameron of Melbourne, Victoria, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. And this is a picture up with my brother, Stuart. In 1963, the CIA published the Kubark Counterintelligence Interrogation manual, and that's exactly what it sounds like guidelines on how to get people to talk. After one test he noted: "Although the patient was prepared by both prolonged sensory isolation (35 days) and by repeated depatterning, and although she received 101 days of positive driving, no favourable results were obtained." In the final installment ofMadness," we sit down with Duncan, and we explore the shocking ways his father's methods are still being used today. Amory: You're welcome to pull it out now. . He promoted a philosophy where chaos could be prevented by removing the weak from society. He commuted from Lake Placid, New York to Montreal every week to work at McGill's Allan Memorial Institute and was paid $69,000 from 1957 to 1964 to carry out MKUltra experiments there, known as the Montreal experiments. He had various people record the tapes sometimes including the patient's loved ones and it was, on the whole, incredibly traumatizing. It's hardwired into the brain. Shes also signed on to the class-action lawsuit against McGill University, the Canadian government, and the CIA. Marian: It's become so embedded in our narrative, in our pop culture, without people really understanding that it happened It was real. In his 1946 paper entitled "Frontiers of Social Psychiatry", he used the case of World War II Germany as an example where society poisoned the minds of citizens by creating a general anxiety or neurosis.[19]. Therefore, society should function to select out the weak and unwanted, those apt towards fearsome aggression that threatened society. He graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. The idea was to first "depattern" the person in question. Josh Crane Twitter Producer, Podcasts & New ProgramsJosh is a producer for podcasts and new programs at WBUR. Duncan: I think the furthest I got was to his office. Her life was sad. In other words, they really must have seen that there was something wrong and crazy. Any documents that related to patient treatment were destroyed? Dr. Ewen Cameron wanted to win a Nobel Prize for his work in psychiatry. Cameron believed firmly in clinical psychiatry and a strict scientific method. The paper stated that German culture and its people would have offspring bound to become a threat to world peace in 30 years. She said she received 12 boxes of her husbands papers after he died, but that, quote, If I had these papers, I wouldnt necessarily let you see them. He studied Medicine at the University of Glasgow and obtained his degree in 1924. . Amory: The study, which was published a few months before Cameron died, found that Camerons methods exposed his patients to unnecessary risk, and that there was no clinical proof his methods were any more effective than standard forms of treatment. Cameron began to abandon the Freudian unconscious in favour of a social constructivist's view of mental illness. Memories are not the most reliable form of evidence. father. And he was searching for ways of doing something about them. I'm sure that they loved him very much and knew him in a very different way. This was made into a TV mini-series directed by Anne Wheeler in 1998, called The Sleep Room, which also dramatizes the lawsuit of Cameron's ex-patients against the CIA. Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. 100, Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. 101, Last edited on 16 February 2023, at 19:10, "Society of Biological Psychiatry 65th Annual Meeting Program Book (p. 14)", "World Psychiatric Association Chronology", "Current Comment: Psychiatric Examination of Rudolf Hess", The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": The CIA and Mind Control, "Doctor Looked After the Sick, And Looked Around for the CIA", "A History of Secret CIA Mind Control Research", "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron", Stunning tale of brainwashing, the CIA and an unsuspecting Scots researcher, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Ewen_Cameron&oldid=1139756014, A passive man who "is afraid to say what he really thinks" and "will stand anything, and stands for nothing". Very different. He demanded that political systems be watched, and that German people needed to be monitored due to their "personality type", which he claimed results in the conditions that give rise to the dictatorial power of an authoritarian overlord. Duncan: Well, I think he was always fascinated in the future. Cleghorn immediately went and took a long, hard look at what Cameron had actually been doing in his little corner of the university, and he was pretty shocked. Duncan: Yes. They fear the stranger, they fear the new idea; they are afraid to live, and scared to die." This personality type poses a danger to those closest to them, especially children. Many spent this period of time in what he called the "sleep room," where they were drugged into a medically-induced coma that they were brought out of only to be given three meals a day and the occasional trip to the bathroom. Cameron believed that mental illness was literally contagious that if one came into contact with someone with mental illness, one would begin to produce the symptoms of a mental disease. Her niece later said, "She had electric shock equipment put on her head so many times that it [remained] in her subconscious." Stephen Bennett: If I put one of you, either Ben or Amory, into prison for two, three years, you should be okay because you can have time and space. Amory: Duncan struggles dealing with his dads legacy because he cant speak to why his dad did what he did. [34], Naomi Klein states in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to MKUltra were not about mind control and brainwashing, but "to design a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources.' Psychiatry would play a disciplinary role. Cameron began to develop broader theories of society, new concepts of human relations to replace concepts he deemed dangerous and outdated. Toby Ziegler:In the '50s, it was the CIA mind control research program begun in response to the Chinese attempt on U.S. prisoners. Ben: Over and over, weve heard from victims of Dr. Ewen Camerons brutal experiments at the Allan Memorial Institute. Or do you remember any of --. Cameron used his ideas to implement policies on who should govern and parent in society. Ironically, his lasting impact would be on how to destroy the human mind, not how to repair it. It was a heart attack and was very sudden. The guilt of her baby's deadly staph infection stayed with her, and when she became pregnant with her second, and the CBC says she went into Cameron's care in February of 1960. ", Why MKUltra's Top Brainwashing Scientist Was A Real-Life Nightmare, "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron. Duncan: I have no recollection whether there were any papers relating to any of the--. Though he did visit the Allan Memorial on occasion. He was there when his legal partner, Joseph Rauh, took Camerons deposition. Birthdate: June 04, 1906. The second part of the technique was inspired by something called the Cerebrophone, which was essentially a "learn-while-you-sleep" recording device. On March 10, Cameron's notes read: "She is disoriented as to time only and is probably in her second stage of depatterning. John Marks: There must have been clinical documents. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBI's capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. Ben: Did he have any favorite sayings or idiosyncrasies or things like that that you remember or that made an impression on you when you were younger? We want to hear from you! And here he is with me many years ago. (McCoy, 2007), According to Leonard Rubenstein, an attorney for plaintiffs [Mrs. David Orlikow et al. Marian Read: So for me, the importance of all of this is to get it out of the shadows of pulp fiction, you know Amory: This is Marian Read. She said: "She wasn't able to talk to me about life and regular stuff. Cameron titled this procedure "intrapsychic" (a term derived from the psycho-somatic relationship of hospital patients). Marian Cameron. That could be heightened with various drugs, eventually was replaced by positive messages, and the so-called "psychic driving" would continue. More about the Cameron family name; Sponsored by Ancestry. Cameron followed these schools in demanding that mental disturbances are diseases and somatic in nature; all psychological illness would therefore be hardwired, a product of the body and the direct result of a patient's biological structure rather than caused by social environments. The victims and their lawyers want us to remember that this story isnt over. Amory: What we know of Camerons work comes from family accounts like Marian's, a few hard-won medical documents, and detailed descriptions of his techniques from his own journal articles and speeches. We encourage you to research and examine these records . Duncan: You see, he doesn't have a scowl. And he admits that the papers he removed are now destroyed. Dr. Morrow, says The Washington Post, had applied for a fellowship in psychiatry with Cameron. So why havent they? Donald Ewen Cameron (19011967) was born in Scotland in 1901 and graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. Cameron reported to John Gittinger, an agent in charge of overseeing parts of MKUltra. Click here for the donation page. You can buy the full book for only . He told The Scotsman: "Cameron's entire focus seemed to shift after the Nuremberg Trials. Abruptly and unexpectedly, Dr. Cameron suffered a life-ending heart attack while mountain climbing in 1967. He recruited psychoanalysts, social psychiatrists and biologists globally to develop the psychiatry program at McGill[12] From its beginning in 1943, the Allan Memorial Institute was run on an "open door" basis, allowing patients to leave if they wished, as opposed to the "closed door" policy of other hospitals in Canada in the early 1940s. Cameron was born on December 24, 1901, in Scotland and graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. Death: June 18, 1958 (52) Immediate Family: Son of Sir Ewen Allan Cameron and Rachel Margaret Cameron. And here I am looking much younger than I am now. Duncan: Well, I think that I would feel sad about that. And he was always very fascinated by what the future held for us all. And, until theres true accountability for what happened and what is still happening, it never will be. Canada. We put this to Harvey Weinstein, the psychiatrist we heard from earlier, whose father was a patient at the Allan. In this manner, somatic causes could be compared. [16], Cameron next published Nuremberg and Its Significance. At the heart of MKUltra, says The Guardian, was the broadcasting of videos of American POWs from the Korean War condemning their own country and lauding the benefits of Communism. In 1938 he moved to Albany, New York, where he received his diplomate in psychiatry and thus was certified in psychiatry. Yeah so it was sad. Amory: Marian was 5 years old when her mom was admitted to the Allan for what she thinks was postpartum depression. They also asked him for clarification about what happened to his father's personal papers and patient records, and he replied, "Well, I didn't destroy the documents. Morrow's family got involved, and it was only at their insistence that she was transferred to another hospital. Anyone with any appreciation of the complexity of the human mind would not expect that you could erase an adult mind and then add things back with this stupid psychic driving. Cameron became the first director of the Allan Memorial Institute as well as the first chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at McGill. There was also Donald Hebb, who ran McGills psychology department at the time Cameron was running its psychiatry department. I mean, he was fascinated with the future in his own field of psychiatry, medicine and government. Ben: In photos, the Cameron family seems happy, a candid shot of Ewen Cameron that looks to be from a garden party shows the psychiatrist in a skinny tie and jacket, horn-rimmed glasses and short cropped white hair. Amory: With the information we do have about Cameron, we know this: his so-called treatment didnt cure mental illness, and it didnt control peoples minds. The behaviour of a mental patient could resemble the behaviour of a patient with, for example, syphilis, and then a somatic cause could be deduced for a psychological illness. Ben: As for the CIAs MK-ULTRA program itself, it never had an official end date. Duncan: Well, that's a big subject. Case of Gail Kastner: The shock treatment turned the then 19 year old honours student into a woman who sucked her thumb, talked like a baby, demanded to be fed from a bottle and urinated on the floor. At that point her affluent family abandoned her and she lived in poverty. Ben: The manual was all about how to obtain information from quote resistant sources. It went on to become the basis for the Phoenix Program during the Vietnam War. I mean his father was a very prominent psychiatrist, so destroying rather than preserving personal papers of someone of that prominence is a very unusual thing, especially for a family member to have done. Duncan: Not really, I certainly don't know anything about the treatments he was using, I didnt know anything about that. It affected a lot of people. Cameron also hoped to generate families capable of using authority and techniques to take measures against mental illness, which would later be apparent in Cameron's MKULTRA and MKDELTA experiments. According to "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,"he left his position at Allan and his patients in 1964. Ben: But the Canadian and US governments could take accountability for their support of Cameron. In other words, torture. Ben: But we also asked about something else, that he was a little uncomfortable talking about: Orlikow vs. United States, the 1980s lawsuit that ended up giving $750,000 total to 8 of Camerons victims. In 1951 a few years before the U.S. government and the CIA approved MKUltra there was a top secret meeting held at Montreal's Ritz-Carlton. The only cure for mental illness, he theorized, was to eliminate its "carriers" from society altogether. The human significance of his dark legacy was brought to public attention when nine of his Canadian victims filed lawsuits in 1980s twenty-one years after Camerons death. And Mary Morrow? So we dont have access to Cameron's thoughts on his own legacy. [33] The son of one of Cameron's patients noted in a memoir that other than Ed Broadbent and Svend Robinson, no Canadian MP brought up the issue in the House of Parliament. My recollection was that I wasn't able to provide him with much information that he didn't already have. In 1936, he also published his first book, Objective and Experimental Psychiatry which introduced his belief that psychiatry should approach the study of human behavior in a rigorous, scientific fashion rooted in biology. All Germans on trial would be assessed according to the likeliness for committing the crime. The psychological experimentation project, known as MK Ultra, was allegedly funded by the Canadian government and the United States Central Intelligence Agency. Like, did she always have problems? And he said, Oh, gosh. She goes, No. She was the one that was gonna go and conquer the world. Results were telling: They became super sensitive to the sensory stimuli they did receive, and then, things started getting really weird. Cameron also wanted to revolutionize the way psychology and psychiatry looked at mental illness. [13], In 1945, Cameron, Nolan D. C. Lewis and Dr Paul L. Schroeder, colonel and psychiatrist, University College of Illinois, were invited to the Nuremberg trials for a psychiatric evaluation of Rudolf Hess. So I think the complaints of the doctors and nurses had reached their ears. And so even all these years later, it's part of my life. And I recall going through them and *taking out* several papers that appeared to me to be identified or could be identified as dealing with a particular patient. Peterborough County. On the weekends, you'd think he would go out and mow the lawn or bask in the sun or go play golf or tennis, but none of it. Donald Ewen Cameron ((1901-12-24)24 December 1901 (1967-09-08)8 September 1967)[1] was a Scottish-born psychiatrist. Cameron decided that Germans would be most likely to commit atrocities due to their historical, biological, racial and cultural past and their particular psychological nature. He wanted to know if it was possible to wipe a person's mind and reinstall a new personality. To prevent this, the West would have to take measures to reorganize German society. He published a book called Remembering[18] and extended psychiatric links to human biology. Cameron placed the psychiatric treatment unit inside of the hospital and inspected its success. He served as president of the American Psychiatric Association (19521953), Canadian Psychiatric Association (19581959),[2] American Psychopathological Association (1963),[3] Society of Biological Psychiatry (1965)[4] and the World Psychiatric Association (19611966). And that kind of explains why, when they were ordered to stop their depatterning and psychic driving of patients, they just sort of didn't. Hij is getrouwd met (Niet openbaar), ze kregen 1 kind. Hebb who did pay the students for their participation basically put them in a room for 24 hours, in a set-up that deprived them of all sensory input. McGill's then-director of psychology, Dr. Donald Hebb, took the money and set up experiments using his ready-and-waiting pool of test subjects: students. So you can see that the work of Ewen Cameron, filtered through Gottlieb, definitely informs the interrogation techniques, if we want to call them that, that the United States has been using on its prisoners in Guantanamo and in black sites around the world. memorial page for Donald Ewen Cameron (1852-5 Feb 1892), Find a Grave Memorial ID 170055188, citing Cameron Cemetery, Indian River . She wasn't able to joke and laugh She would blurt out something like: 'We must do the right thing!'" [citation needed]. Cameron's concerns extended to his policies determining who should have children and advance to positions of authority. Ben: Hebb did an interview with a film producer in the 1980s, saying, quote, Cameron was irresponsible criminally stupid. In his analysis, German culture was made up of people who had the need for status, worshipped strict order and regimentation, desired authoritarian leadership and had a deeply ingrained fear of other countries. And we would take off. Marian: There was a picture of my mom there and somebody commented, Ugh that's the Johanna that's her name I remember. And my sister looked at him and said, But what was she like? Heads up that some elements (i.e. His work had led him to the belief that mental illness could be "cured" like, say, a broken hip might be rehabilitated. You know, all of us not only respected him, but loved him, and not just myself, but my brothers. Donald Hebb and Ewen Cameron were competitors; they did not collaborate, though Cameron incorporated Hebbs sensory isolation techniques into his own diabolical arsenal of psychiatrys instruments of torture. She said that at the time, Cameron was something of a celebrity. Heres documentarian Stephen Bennett, whose film Eminent Monsters looks at the real echoes of Camerons work in government interrogation programs today. "Madness: The Secret Mission for Mind Control and the People Who Paid the Price" an investigative series in 5 parts unravels the shocking history of CIA-funded mind-control experiments. Being compared to the Nazi's most notorious doctor probably isn't the life goal of most medical professionals, so let's look at what he did to deserve this dubious title. And you can see this manual that's been found all around the world, from hellholes to modern democracies. They had 11 children: Allan Francis Cameron, John Donald Cameron and 9 other children. [citation needed] Characteristics were thus diagnosed as syndromes emerging from the brain. Did he ever talk about that? He began his career as resident surgeon at Glasgow Infirmary, but in 1929 moved . Husband of Marielene Schlumberger. The last generation of Holocaust survivors and their children express their concerns about current events A Five-Part, FDA Advisory Panel & CDC Director are Complicit in Sacrificing Childrens Lives to Protect Pfizer from Liability, Copyright 2023 Alliance for Human Research Protection, 1950s1960s: Dr. Ewen Cameron Destroyed Minds at Allan Memorial Hospital in Montreal, Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases, Vera Sharavs documentary Never Again is Now Global now available. You know, my job was to look out for the cops. Ben: Duncan says his father was so busy that he didnt see much of him during their time in Montreal. [citation needed]; if the greater population of Germany saw the atrocities of World War II, they would surely submit to a re-organized system of justice. His support of Charles Edward Stuart was instrumental in the Jacobite Rising of 1745 Lochiel and the Jacobite cause His response? He furthered his diagnostic definitions of clinical states such as anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. [citation needed]. v USA, 1988] Tom Beauchamp, a leading American bioethicist was an expert witness for Camerons estate, arguing that Camerons treatment complied with the norm and practice of the day. Sarah Anne Johnson: I imagine this is very difficult for his family. It was reported that none of the patients sent to the Radio Telemetry Lab showed any signs of improvement. Duncan: I started work at the State Department just a day or so before Kennedy was assassinated. Duncan: Talking about him, it should be easy, but sometimes it's sort of emotional.

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