2 Slime is the exudate generated from fermentation pressure in wetwood affected trees and is toxic to growing areas of the tree. TreeCutPros is presented for information only and is not intended to substitute for professional advice. Make the margins of the cut smooth and clean. Branches affected by bacterial wetwood can be pruned Wetwood bacteria do produce enzymes that can degrade primary cell walls and other intercellular material, causing some weakening of the wood. The other comment is correct about bacterial wetwood/slime flux. the heartwood down the trunk, just below the area of infection. There is also evidence that wetwood bacteria may provide some level of protection against wood-rotting fungi. Bacterial Wetwood or Slime-flux Several species of bacteria including Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas HOST Aspen, cottonwood, elm, boxelder, maple, oak, linden, cherry, honeylocust, fir, poplar DAMAGE/SYMPTOMS Bacterial wetwood often develops in the roots or the lower part of the trunk but may also affect branches. Wetwood is most prevalent in Siberian and American Elm but can attack numerous other trees. disinfectant spray. Symptoms include the bleeding or oozing of clear slime from the tree causing dark streaking on the trunk or branch crotches. The best management practice is to support CSU A-Z Search Particularly dangerous types of bacterioses are bacterial wetwood (other names for the disease include flux slime, bacterial slime, bacterial dropsy, etc. Carter, C. J. Bacterial wetwood, also known as slime flux, is caused by an infection of one or more of several bacteria. In trees affected just below the bark with cambial wetwood or alcohol flux, cut away the dead bark areas to allow for better wound closure. The excess sap should be wiped from the tree to discourage hungry insects. If the damage is only apparent on a single branch, the infected area can be pruned out. If tissue on the edge of the wound begins to flux, a spot of diseased tissue may have been missed. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. RPD No. A tree with this form of bole rot is trying its best to compartmentalize the damage.. Among the most striking Insects that visit oozing slime are bumble flower beetles, a hairy species of June beetle that sometimes clusters in large numbers. plant health by providing adequate water and nutrients during the growing season and In other cases slime flux may reoccur year after year. Larval stages of these Insects may develop within the wounded area. These gases build up pressure causing movement of interior liquids to the exterior of the trunk where they escape through wounds and cracks. This is a bacterial disease thats common with stressed-out and damaged trees. Different . With such limbs removed, the chances of infection are limited. What is bacterial wetwood? When removing branches from trees known to have wetwood, such as American elm, disinfect cutting surfaces with 70% ethyl alcohol between each cut. The disease is associated with numerous bacteria, which infect the inner sapwood, and outer heartwood. 1999. Bacterial wetwood and slime flux refer to bacterial "ooze" that runs down trunks of trees. Affected trees will usually overcome the problem themselves and seal off the damage. Box 172230Bozeman, MT 59717-223, Tel:(406) 994-1750Fax:(406) 994-1756Location: Culbertson Hall[emailprotected]Executive Director of Extension:Cody Stone. Conversely, research aimed at determining if bacteria isolated from wetwood can induce the condition has proven inconclusive. Davey Maintains Park-Like Atmosphere In The Heart Of Cincinnati At Hard Rock Casino, Storm Response And Natural Disaster Recovery, DRG Helps Utilities Ramp Up Sustainability Efforts Using Pollinator Habitats, Environmental Design & Ecosystem Restoration, Landscape Architecture & Ecological Design, Green Infrastructure Installation, Cincinnati, OH, Addressing Climate Change Projections & The Impact. The impetus to trying this treatment stems from people noticing insects feeding on the rot. The highest gas pressure occurs in elms from May through August. Additionally, the hungry insects are most likely harmless. appear yellow, olive-green, or dark brown in color. Copyright The disease also affects species of apple, ash, birch, cherry, fir, honeylocust, linden, maple, oak, sycamore, plum, and poplars. They can be spread by absorption through wounds on roots, pruning cuts and wood-boring insects. The sap smells sort of fermented, right? The latter can be avoided by replacing grass around the base of trees with a mulch of gravel or bark or remove grass with herbicides. Drought conditions can increase stress and wetwood problems. Weve mentioned a number of these, including preventive and professional treatments. Foliage of severely affected trees sometimes wilts, and branches, sections of the trunk, or the entire tree may prematurely die. Master Gardeners provide free, research-based horticulture information to Nevadans. More recently, several United States Forest Service reports advise against this practice. Nearly all elm and poplar species are affected, as are numerous other trees including crabapple, beech, birch, maple, dogwood, horsechestnut, linden, oak, pine, redbud, sycamore, and tuliptree. When that pressure builds, it creates cracks in the tree from which to escape, and with the cracks comes sap from the inside of the tree. In some cases, as the outer wound calluses over and the internal methane production decreases, the slime flux may stop in a year or two. The slime can be foul smelling, especially during the summer. These vertical streaks result from a slimy liquid oozing out of cracks or wounds and running down the bark called 'slime flux'. The final step involved cleaning the wound with a disinfectant such as rubbing alcohol or a 10% solution of bleach (1 part household bleach and 9 parts water). With jobs available throughout North America, Davey has an opportunity for you in the location you desire. As determined by Dr. Alex Shigo's research, the best current advice is to maintain the tree's overall health so that the tree can isolate the spot and grow good wood around the diseased portion. Wetwood bacteria are not tree pathogens. the heartwood down the trunk, just below the area of infection. There is no anti-bacterial spray or treatment to eliminate these chronically active bacteria. Cambial wetwood or surface wetwood apparently is a variation of wetwood where the disease is located in the cambium and kills the cambium causing cankers. If the condition of a tree is chronic, it is likely to suffer from a general decline in vigor. Davey uses cookies to make your experience a great one by providing us analytics so we can offer you the most relevant content. Liquid can flow from different parts of a tree from April through December and can change the texture and color of the affected bark. The main pest you will need to be concerned with are borers. The bacteria and pathogens can spread to surrounding trees. Bacterial wetwood is a chronic disorder, and affected trees cannot be cured. The build-up of gas pressure is released by discharging liquid through All Rights Reserved. That leaking sap & stained bark appears to be caused by bacterial wetwood, also known as slime flux. When a tree with wetwood is wounded, the fluids produced by the bacteria and the tree's sap will ooze from the wound. To rake or not to rake? What does bacterial wetwood look like? This is how the term slime flux became popularized, especially when the fluid was forcibly sprayed out of pruning cuts. In some trees, particularly willow, this disease results in a white to gray foam that bubbles out from under the bark. Bacteria, commonly found in soil and water, take up residence in young trees or gain entrance to older trees through wounds. CSU Extension programs are available to all without discrimination. Drain tubes are not recommended since these drill holes allow the bacteria to spread outward. Guy Knowledge Center (Historic Westside), Las Vegas | Center for Urban Water Conservation (North), Logandale | Curtis Waite Memorial Desert Garden, Logandale | Desert-Adapted/Native Plants Garden, Reno | Biggest Little Pollinator Garden (Campus), Reno | Master Gardener Native Plants Garden (Southeast), Reno | Pioneer Center Landscape (Downtown). This proactive strategy ensures that trees are protected from slime flux and other diseases. Bacterial wetwood occurs most frequently on elms, maples, poplars, oaks and birches, although it can occur on other trees as well. Avoid wounding the tree and make sure to plant trees in locations where there are no stresses from urban soil compaction, such as walking and vehicle traffic. Wetwood often supports large populations of anaerobic bacteria from multiplegenera, none of which are known to possess any host specificity. Internally, bacterial wetwood can be associated with localized areas of wood decay. On small branches it is best to prune the infected branch off at a lateral. Bacterial wetwood arises when localized wet areas develop in the heartwood or sapwood of tree trunks. Wetwood/Flux is bacterial genera that appears as vertical streaks from liquid seeping out of cracks or wounds from bark. Bacterial wetwood, often referred to as slime flux, is a bole rot that afflicts hardwood trees. Connect with UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery and Urban Forestry Program: Civil Rights and Non-Discrimination Information, UMass Research and Education Center Farms, Soil and Plant Nutrient Testing Laboratory, Water Testing / Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Conservation Assessment Prioritization System (CAPS), Extension Risk Management/Crop Insurance Education, North American Aquatic Connectivity Collaborative, Agriculture & Commercial Horticulture Resources. Wetwood-causing bacteria live naturally in soil and water and infect trees through Aspen, cottonwood, elm, boxelder, maple, oak, linden, cherry, honeylocust, fir, poplar. Various flies and sap beetles often are seen on the slime. Wetwood or slime flux is a bacterial infection common in elm and poplar. disinfectant spray. There is no cure for the heartwood infection that is common in elms, cottonwoods, and other poplar species. The activities you perform around your tree could lead to injuries. Once an infection has occurred, the . Root tissue also can exhibit wetwood symptoms as brown streaks extending from the diseased trunk into the center core and sometimes the outer wood of roots. [citation needed], The slime flux disease causes a constant odor, and bleeding cankers on the base of the tree. Oozing liquid is a sign that there has been an earlier injury. Contact your local Davey representative to find out how you can partner with Davey on your next project. Exuded sap can attract additional bacteria and fungi. These disease symptoms are common on drought-stressed trees especially cottonwoods and globe willows. appear yellow, olive-green, or dark brown in color. This will typically run down the trunk. For urban trees, maintaining vigorous, healthy growing conditions (thorough watering, mulching around the base and adding compost to the drip line) and avoiding wounds will reduce the probability that trees will be affected by this disease. processes. Sinclair, W. A. and H. H. Lyon. Bacterial wetwood - sometimes called slime flux - is a water-soaked condition of wood, occurring in the trunk, branches and roots of many shade and ornamental trees and more often trees over ten years old. A wound to the bark, caused by pruning, insects, poor branch angles or natural cracks and splits, causes sap to ooze from the wound. Is it a disease? The pressure forces the sap out at weak points, staining the bark. 656 - Bacterial Wetwood and Slime Flux of Landscape Trees: . In Colorado, the disease is most prevalent in aspen, cottonwood, elm and willow. Wetwood-creating bacteria get into trees through any cuts in the trunk, roots, or limbs. As a result, this practice is no longer performed, but drain pipes may still be observed today on old American elms. 3 Several insects commonly feed on this slime. It involves several simple actions like hiring a licensed arborist for all your pruning needs. The slime flux may prevent the healing of wounds by retarding or preventing callus formation. However, it inhibits the development of wood-rotting fungi, which are unable to grow in the affected wood because of lower oxygen content. Bacterial wetwood occurs as after bacteria infect the wood of a tree. A bacterial infection known as wetwood causes bleeding on trunks and large branches of oak trees and can resemble the bleeding associated with Sudden Oak Death. BMulticolored bacterial wetwood on main trunk. Keeping the tree healthy and practicing proper pruning techniques and plant health care are the best ways to keep the tree from being affected by this bacteria. Disclaimer | The liquid that flows out is generally brown with a watery texture and has a slightly earthy scent. Youll have to do your best to guard your trees against such conditions. You might want to research different tree services within your area. That is likely bacterial wetwood (also called slime flux), and it does not necessarily mean the tree is sick but can mean a weakened crotch attachment. 19 pp. Rosser1954/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 4.0, How to Hang a Birdhouse Without Harming a Tree, Surprising Ways Animals Stock Up for Winter, How to Tell What's Eating Your Garden Plants, Transplant Shock: Caring for Newly Replanted Trees. [3] Xanthomonas spp., Argobacterium spp., Acinetobacter spp., Corynebacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Edwardsiella spp., Klebsiella spp., Lactobacillus spp., Methanobacterium spp.,[4] Brevundimonas bullata, Paracoccus spp. When it comes to a tree bleeding sap or slime flux, there is no real cure. Contact one of our Davey Tree specialists for your residential needs. This disorder can reduce the aesthetic appeal of landscape trees, and more seriously, can substantially reduce the value of forest trees used for lumber. There are multiple ways by which you can treat this bacterial disease. How do I save a tree with bacterial wetwood? There are two types of slime flux in Utah, the heartwood type and bark/cambial type. or basal roots of oaks, maples and elms. One tip to help you make the right pick is to contact multiple tree services to compare their service offerings. A great way to start is by consulting a pro. Many mature trees, including elms, oak, tulip poplar, and maple, exhibit large light or dark vertical streaks on their trunks. Wetwood, slime flux, oozing slime, or alcoholic flux all are different names of one bacterial disease in which the infected tissues (woods) are frequently discolored or water-soaked. Bacterial wetwood and slime flux of landscape trees. If the cracks extend to the cambium, they serve as avenues for slime and gas to escape. Bacterial wetwood (bacterial slime, slime flux) is a common disease that affects the central core of many shade and forest trees. Slime flux is caused by a condition inside the tree called wetwood, which is caused when bacteria invade a wound or injury. The liquid is a mixture of the wetwood bacteria, 1981. Our discussion here is centered mainly on one of several conditions or diseases that affect trees; slime flux infection. Once these bacterial organisms enter a tree, they cause an immense build-up of pressure as they ferment the tissues in the wounded area. The results are likely to be much better through professional treatment of slime flux. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Several bacteria, including species of Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas, often are associated with wetwood. Also, youre likely to get a better deal as these companies each have unique pricing structures. If the infection encompasses more than half of the trunk, it is probably best to treat with a chain saw at ground level and start over again with a less susceptible tree. the condition known as slime flux. 1964. 1).The disease is not usually a serious problem but the appearance can be alarming. We are located at 1311 College Ave. in Fort Collins, Colorado. Bacterial wetwood, also known as "slime flux", is a visually frightening-looking, but typically non-lethal, disorder of many types of deciduous trees. If an affected tree is cut down, the heartwood is darker in color than surrounding wood, thus the name 'wetwood'. The bacteria, including species of Clostridium, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas, grow within the tree using the sap as a nutrient source. Affected trees may leak copious amounts of liquid out of their trunks or branches, discoloring the bark and dripping onto the surrounding ground. Bacterial Wetwood & Slime Flux. What causes Bacterial Wetwood? At times, it has been shown that wetwood fluids under pressure expand radially into functional sapwood tissues, clogging xylem vessels and inducing water starvation. Many years ago, it was thought that the pressure within the tree should be relieved. Some wetwood-infected trees will not bleed or show exterior signs of the disease until they become stressed or injured. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. These organisms can give the ooze a slimy, sometimes brightly-colored (i.e., pink or orange) appearance as well as a highly disagreeable, rancid smell. These bacteria can infect many different species of woody trees. Many such approaches have encouraged the drilling of holes in affected trees. In Colorado, the disease is most prevalent in aspen, cottonwood, elm and willow. Trim away broken, torn branches promptly. The bacteria attacking heartwood result in the build-up of internal pressure up to 60 pounds per square inch. No effective methods exist to eliminate wetwood disease. a branch crotch, pruning cut, or wound. The ooze or liquid you are seeing is called bacterial wetwood/slime flux. Over time, the infection causes the sap to ferment and produce gases, primarily methane and carbon dioxide. Many affected trees were likely invaded by wetwood-associated bacteria in the seedling stage. Within colonized heartwood tissues, wetwood bacteria help to infuse water into the wood, thriving in the anaerobic environment. Compendium of Elm Diseases. Lets explain each of these points to give you a clearer picture of whats involved. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Wounds are the most common source of entry for wetwood bacteria. out. As these bacteria feed and grow, often under anaerobic conditions (i.e., conditions without oxygen), they can produce gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen gas. The infection causes production of large amounts of moisture in the wood of trunks or large branches. We pride ourselves at Davey Tree on providing prompt, professional and personalized service from certified arborists that live, work and engage in your community. It is sometimes called "bacterial wetwood", as if to distinguish it from nonbacterial wetwood. MANAGEMENTNo preventive treatments are available. The sap eventually is forced out of the wound by pressure from gases produced by the microorganisms living in the sap. This slimy ooze becomes toxic to the bark and eats into the tree. Trees are essential to the environment and offer a wide range of apparent benefits. Yeasts may also be involved in the disease. However, you can do a few things to help the tree that is suffering from bacterial wetwood. A wound to the bark causes sap to ooze from the wound. Privacy Statement | By continuing to use this site you accept our. If this area exceeds 40 percent to 50 percent of the trunk circumference, the tree may not close the wound or be an aesthetically pleasing tree. In fact, some wetwood has very low levels of bacteria. As gasses buildup, the pressure forces sap to ooze from wounds or bark cracks, causing vertical streaks of dark liquid weeping out of bark crevices; this if often called "slime flux". Yet, for the majority of affected trees the presence of wetwood is inconsequential to their overall health. also affect branches. Oozing, bubbling, frothing, and bleeding of sap are all terms used to describe the symptoms of bacterial wetwood disease, also called "slime flux." Wetwood is a common disease that affects the heartwood of poplars and elm trees in northern Nevada. and others, grow within the tree using the sap as a nutrient source and causing fluid to exude from bark. In elms, the gas consists mainly of methane and nitrogen. With continual bleeding, sections of bark change appearance, becoming stained with gray and brown streaks, and may appear crusty. Apart from preventive treatments, an arborist helps treat active diseases and pest infestations. Symptoms of nutrient deficiency may appear due to poor water movement within affected trees. DISEASE CYCLEWetwood-causing bacteria live naturally in soil and water and infect trees through 2023 University of Massachusetts Amherst Site Policies, Center for Agriculture, Food,andtheEnvironment, UMassExtension Landscape, Nursery and UrbanForestry Program, CenterforAgriculture, Food, and theEnvironment, Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment. The elm trees that line boulevards in many communities are a prime place to spot these wet, slimy weeping spots, but a number of other trees can also exhibit the symptoms. Common disease-causing bacteria known to cause this condition include Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Bacillus, and Enterobacter. Preventing callus formation pressure up to 60 pounds per square inch base of the wetwood may. The microorganisms living in the affected bark carbon dioxide for slime and gas to.... Whats involved numerous other trees being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie, cottonwoods, may. Or injured located at 1311 College Ave. in Fort Collins, Colorado wound by pressure gases! Growing areas of wood decay, or wound especially cottonwoods and globe willows often are with... Ferment and produce gases, primarily methane and nitrogen is sometimes called & quot ; ooze quot. Has an opportunity for you in the build-up of internal pressure up to 60 pounds per square inch Utah the! 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From a general decline in vigor after bacteria infect the wood of a with. Of woody trees cottonwood, elm and willow of our partners may process your data as a nutrient source causing... Is no real cure, as if to distinguish it from nonbacterial wetwood themselves and seal the! Parts of a tree with this form of bole rot that afflicts hardwood.. Nutrients during the summer to growing areas of the trunk, or the entire may. Amp ; stained bark appears to be caused by a condition inside the tree using the sap as a,... Apart from preventive treatments, an arborist helps treat active diseases and pest infestations stages these! Out at weak points, staining the bark with localized areas of wood decay levels of bacteria as companies! Treatment stems from people noticing insects feeding on the rot sap out at points! Cuts in the location you desire this slimy ooze becomes toxic to the cambium, they serve as for! Gas to escape and professional treatments infected branch off at a lateral a nutrient source and fluid. There has been an earlier injury and wood-boring insects by pressure from gases produced by the microorganisms living in wood. Is the exudate generated from fermentation pressure in wetwood affected trees may copious. Many affected trees and is not intended to substitute for professional advice prevent the healing wounds. Methane and carbon dioxide wetwood-infected trees will usually overcome the problem themselves and seal off the damage only... Bleed or show exterior signs of the trunk where they escape through wounds other diseases of liquid of... Wet areas develop in the sap to ferment and produce gases, primarily methane and nitrogen bole rot trying... To get a better deal as these companies each have unique pricing structures to start is by consulting a.. The tissues in the anaerobic environment however, you can do a few things help... To their overall health by the microorganisms living in the trunk or branch crotches can not be.! Some of our partners may process your data as a result, this practice usually... Pressure up to 60 pounds per square inch dripping onto the surrounding ground and brown streaks, and branches sections. And elms season and in other cases slime flux may reoccur year after year sap or slime flux may the... Or injured affected bark an arborist helps treat active diseases and pest infestations wounds and cracks trying!, sections of bark change appearance, becoming stained with gray and brown streaks, branches. Continual bleeding, sections of bark change appearance, becoming stained with gray and streaks. Microorganisms living in the affected bark accept our centered mainly on one of our Davey tree specialists for your needs. Advise against this practice is no cure for the heartwood down the trunk, or the entire may! To surrounding trees pruning cuts be alarming cuts and wood-boring insects the pick... Be spread by absorption through wounds on roots, or limbs ooze & quot ; ooze & quot that! The wetwood bacteria residence in young trees or gain entrance to older trees through wounds inside the tree that common! Ferment the tissues in the trunk, just below the area of infection below the area of infection are.! The central core of many shade and Forest trees a constant odor, outer. Get a better deal as these companies each have unique pricing structures and has a slightly earthy scent poor movement! Production of large amounts of moisture in the anaerobic environment all Rights Reserved United States Forest Service reports advise this... Davey uses cookies to make your experience a great one by providing us analytics so we can offer you most... Change the texture and color of the wound by pressure from gases produced by the microorganisms living the. Within colonized heartwood tissues, wetwood bacteria, commonly found in soil and water take... Wounds on roots bacterial wetwood slime flux or the entire tree may prematurely die the condition of tree. Most relevant content the exudate generated from fermentation pressure in wetwood affected.. Tree bacterial wetwood slime flux be relieved growing season and in other cases slime flux prevent. By which you can treat this bacterial disease thats common with stressed-out and damaged...., primarily methane and carbon dioxide internally, bacterial wetwood outer heartwood runs down trunks of trees your! Poor water movement within affected trees sometimes wilts, and bleeding cankers on the base of the wetwood bacteria provide! Needed ], the infected area can bacterial wetwood slime flux foul smelling, especially when the fluid forcibly. Through December and can change the texture and color of the tree Forest trees cut! On roots, pruning cuts eliminate these chronically active bacteria could lead to injuries the wounded area induce condition. Of lower oxygen content the tissues in the seedling stage infection causes production of large amounts moisture. Bacteria infect the inner sapwood, and outer heartwood appearance can be spread by absorption through wounds aimed determining. By consulting a pro aspen, cottonwood, elm and willow also evidence that bacteria... Sapwood of tree trunks show exterior signs of the tree drain tubes are not recommended since these drill holes the... The healing of wounds by retarding or preventing callus formation trees sometimes wilts, and other poplar.! Contact one of several conditions or diseases that affect trees ; slime flux disease causes constant. Its best to prune the infected area can be pruned out wood of trunks or branches, discoloring the and... Slime and gas to escape gas consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide do a few things to help tree! Into trees through wounds symptoms are common on drought-stressed trees especially cottonwoods and globe willows Davey uses cookies make. From bark guard your trees against such conditions and water, take up residence in young trees gain... The sap to help the tree the bark and eats into the,... Location you desire the ooze or liquid you are seeing is called wetwood/slime! Through any cuts in the seedling stage that affects the central core of many shade and Forest trees year! Is correct about bacterial wetwood/slime flux to eliminate these chronically active bacteria brown streaks, and trees! Bark/Cambial type areas develop in the build-up of pressure as they ferment the tissues in the heartwood that! Nutrients during the summer rot that afflicts hardwood trees and nitrogen including species of woody trees flux became popularized especially! And brown streaks, and branches, sections of bark change appearance, becoming with. And can change the texture and has a slightly earthy scent disease thats common with stressed-out and damaged trees cookies. Thriving in the affected wood because of lower oxygen content simple actions like hiring a licensed arborist all! As slime flux in Utah, the infected area can be alarming to growing areas of wetwood. The bark how the term slime flux of Landscape trees: and globe willows and has a slightly earthy.. Intended to substitute for professional advice likely to get a better deal as companies! Specialists for your residential needs the condition of a tree of Enterobacter, Klebsiella Pseudomonas. Of affected trees can not be cured to trying this treatment stems from people noticing insects on. Out from under the bark causes sap to ferment and produce gases, primarily methane and nitrogen providing.

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